Global Warming, El Nino, and other Climate Phenomena

The weather we experience is a manifestation of the climate we live in. Our climate is affected by global warming, which has led to many observed changes, including warmer sea temperatures, warmer air temperatures, and changes in the hydrological cycle. In addition, our weather is also affected by natural climate phenomena that operate over hundreds or thousands of miles. These events are often cyclic, as they reoccur at time intervals of various lengths. Global warming can affect the intensity and return intervals of these events. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its 5th Assessment Report in 2014, with a chapter devoted to the effects of climate change on these large scale climate phenomena. Here are some important findings: Monsoons are seasonal wind reversal patterns accompanied by significant rainfall. They are responsible, for example, for the summer thunderstorm periods in Arizona and New Mexico, and the torrential downpours in India’s rainy season. Overall, monsoon patterns will increase in area and intensity with continued climate change. They will start earlier in the year and end later than what had been the average.In North America, where monsoons are limited to the U.S. Southwest region, no change in precipitation due to global warming has been clearly observed. A decrease in the length of the season has been observed, though, and monsoons are expected to be delayed during the year. So there appears to be no relief in sight for the observed (and predicted) increase in frequency of extreme summer temperatures in the U.S. Southwest, contributing to drought.The amount of precipitation from monsoon rains is forecasted to be higher in the more pessimistic scenarios considered by the IPCC. In a scenario of continued reliance on fossil fuel and the absence of carbon capture and storage, total precipitation from monsoons, globally, is estimated to increase by 16% by the end of the 21st century.The El Nià ±o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a large area of unusually warm water that develops in the Pacific Ocean off South America, affecting weather over a large portion of the globe. Our ability to model future climates while taking into account El Nià ±o has improved, and it appears that variability in precipitation will increase. In other words, some El Nià ±o events will produce more rainfall and snowfall than expected in some areas of the globe, while others will produce less precipitation than expected.The frequency of tropical cyclones (tropical storms, hurricanes, and typhoons) is likely to stay the same or decrease, globally. The intensity of these storms, both in wind speed and precipitation, is likely to increase. There are no clear changes predicted for the track and intensity of North American extra-tropical storms (Hurricane Sandy became one of those cyclonic storms outside of the tropics).  Ã‚   Predictive models have improved significantly in the last few years, and they are currently being refined to resolve remaining uncertainties. For example, scientists have little confidence when trying to predict changes in monsoons in North America. Pinpointing the effects of the El Nià ±o cycles or the intensity of tropical cyclones in specific areas has also been difficult. Finally, the phenomena described above are largely know by the public, but there are many other cycles: examples include the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Madden-Julian Oscillation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation. The interactions between these phenomena, regional climates, and global warming make the business of scaling down global change predictions to specific locations bewilderingly complex. Source IPCC, Fifth Assessment Report. 2013. Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change.

The Key to Successful Custom Essay Papers Writing Service

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Self-Absorption in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms Essay

Self-Absorption in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms Catherine Barkley and Frederick Henry, the main characters in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms are two of the most self-absorbed characters I have ever come across. Frederick Henry thinks only of what he wants while Catherine worries only about what Frederick thinks and wants. They are constantly thinking only about themselves, which is why I believe that it was a good thing that the baby was not born alive. They are too absorbed in themselves to think of anyone else. Shortly after meeting Catherine, Frederick attempts to get her into bed. By complimenting her hair, admitting that she had every right to slap him, and holding her hand, he uses these words and actions to get a kiss,†¦show more content†¦When she finally tells him that she is pregnant, she is more concerned about how he will take the news than how it will affect her. It doesn’t worry me but I’m afraid to worry you. (137). Once she begins to show, she does not want him to look at her because she is ashamed of how she looks. She was beginning to be a little big with the child and she did not want me to see her. (266). She also refused to get married because she was pregnant and fat. I’ll marry you as soon as I’m thin again. (294). This desire to stay good looking for Frederick is shown many times throughout the book. Back in those days, it was said that having alcoholic drinks would keep the child small. This was supposed to be good for women with small hips, but Catherine, who hardly drank before she became pregnant seems to drink more than is necessary while pregnant. The doctor says beer will be good for me and keep her small. (291). She used this excuse often throughout the rest of the book, The doctor said I was rather narrow in the hips and it’s all for the best if we keep young Catherine small. (294). Although she drinks more beer than is probably necessary, she is very hesitant about eating food because it will make her fat. Could I eat a chocolate bar? Or is it too close to lunch? I’m always hungry. (297). This shows how much more concerned she is about her appearance than about her child’s health. BeingShow MoreRelatedCat in the Rain - Woman the Inequality3717 Words   |  15 Pageslibrary research with the textbook of this subject, the sources from the internet include comments, essays, analyze and the quotations. B. LITERATURE REVIEW Darren Felty mentioned in â€Å"Spatial Confinement in Hemingway’s ‘Cat in the Rain’ † (1997; page 363-369) that: â€Å"Many details in Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Cat in the Rain† suggest the isolation and oppression that George’s wife experiences as she remains confined at the hotel. George and his wife are the â€Å"only two Americans stopping at the hotel,† and they

The Violence And Sexual Conquest Of Women Essay - 1836 Words

When my roommate was in elementary school, the boys in her grade would not let her play sports with her. The reason they gave her was that she was a girl, and sports were not for girls. She was told that she was not strong enough to play, and that sports were a boy thing. They then told her to go play house or kiss tag. When they said that, she proceeded to beat the boys up, making them look like the ones who weren’t strong. While violence is not the way to prove someone wrong, this story has a point. Taylor wanted to play basketball, but she was told she couldn’t because she was a girl. This might seem like innocent children making assumptions, but this is where it begins. These children will grow into adults that watch movies like Pixel, where the woman who is objectified is literally turned into an object, watch television shows like Two and a Half Men, which glorifies the manipulation and sexual conquest of women, and read books like Lolita and take it seriously. Th is idea, while developed in other places as well, is created through the media. Some people believe that equality has been reached, or that because women have obtained more rights than they had, the feminist cause is done. Contrary to this belief, feminism and equality have not been obtained. The media is a symptom of the disease, and if we continue at the pace we are at, women will continue to be degraded. Others are afraid to be labeled as a feminist. In America, 85% of people believe women and men shouldShow MoreRelated`` Bad Indians `` By Deborah Miranda1408 Words   |  6 PagesIndians†, she uses documents, images, and drawings to expose colonial violence and provides evidence of a history of conquest. There are different types of colonial violence that are depicted throughout her memoir, such as: physical, emotional, sexual, and cultural violence. Additionally, Miranda exposes the nature of colonial violence by providing evidence by implementing particular sources to contribute in confirming the history of conquest throughout the lives of California Mission Indians. The CaliforniaRead MoreThe Story Of An Brief Wondrous Life Of Oscar Wao1147 Words   |  5 Pageswhere men have high sex drive and the power to dominate women by controlling their sexuality through violence, coercion, and verbal aggression. Oscar contradicts this machismo power by appearing emasculated like a woman. This shows that women have lower social standing compared to men, even lower than that of weak men like Oscar in Dominican culture. Sexuality plays a central role in Diaz’s novel to illustrate the dominance of masculinity over women in Dominican culture. Oscar and Yunior illustrateRead MoreIntroduction In this paper, I argue that while sexual violence is arguably the monopoly of men, it1000 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In this paper, I argue that while sexual violence is arguably the monopoly of men, it is culturally cultivated rather than biologically determined. Consistent with the concept of Hegemonic Masculinity which theorises male domination of other males and subordination of females (Connell, 2005), I assert that rape is particularly rampant in societies where sexual violence is an effective means of attaining this status quo. Thus when rape is institutionalised in the context of war whereRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Rape Culture in Modern Society 1107 Words   |  5 Pagesstates freedom of expression, statistics show rape and sexual assault numbers have risen due to the presence of rape culture in modern society. Rape culture promotes more assaults and violent acts, not only towards women but also towards men. Some evidence rape culture is present in today’s society are rising statistics showing that only three out of a hundred rapists see jail time and that over 17 million American women are victims of sexual assault every year. Rape culture is seen in every aspectRead MoreRichard Wright s Native Son1595 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica (Ann Rayson). The book follows Bigger Thomas’s journey through self-realization, while exposing the line of racism and its effects in 1930s Chicago. Yet, for an African-American narrative, the story lacks one key character, a strong woman. The women Wright includes in his story are only there as a tool to better shape Bigger’s, or another man’s, character. While the lack of any strong, female character could be based on Richard Wright’s own life, his presentation of Mrs. Thomas, Vera, Mrs. DaltonRead MoreSexual Violence And American Indian Genocide1168 Words   |  5 PagesAndrea Smith’s book Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide read passionately about Native American Indians experiences relative to violence and related topics. Part of Smith’s goal is to aid u nderstanding of Native women’s plight and spotlight how treating their sufferings separately was limiting the pain they lived through to this day. Smith pointed out that though other writers have keen interest in bringing native women’s plight mainstream, these writers fell short of taking anRead MoreChronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez1239 Words   |  5 Pagesexploitation. The Latin American model of gender dominance is unique in that sexual desire and indulgence is not seen as shameful or immoral. The aboriginal cultures didn’t view, sexuality as something to be repressed but as something to be fulfilled and celebrated. This stood in contrast to the strict Catholic principles of abstinence and purity that infiltrated and mixed with local customs throughout the Spanish conquest. Surprisingly though, prostitution wasn’t outlawed in most Latin American countriesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story The Story Of Mustafa Saeed 1554 Words   |  7 Pagesto the North, the role of women is frequently deployed to demonstrate the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized. Mustafa sees sex as if it is violent in nature, a form of conquest over women whom he heavily objectifies. It feels as if the narrator almost intentionally constructs Mustafa’s journey as a perfectly symbolic anti-colonialism discourse. Mustafa bears the ambition t o reclaim and reassert Africans masculinity by physically dominating European women after his mother countryRead MoreSexual Violence on Native Women2214 Words   |  9 PagesPublications Student Scholarship Spring 2013 Oppression, Sexual Violence and Their Effects on Native American Women Isabella J. Baxter 15 Gettysburg College, baxtis01@gettysburg.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship Part of the Native American Studies Commons, and the Womens Studies Commons Baxter, Isabella J. 15, Oppression, Sexual Violence and Their Effects on Native American Women (2013). Student Publications. Paper 87. http://cupolaRead MoreMisogyny Of Hip Hop : The Solution1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthough Hip Hop is the holy grail of music. One of the main problems with Hip Hop is the misogyny of women. Adams and Fuller (2006) define misogyny as the â€Å"hatred or disdain of women† and â€Å"an ideology that reduces women to objects for men’s ownership, use, or abuse† (p. 939). Popular American hip-hop and rap artists, such as Eminem, Ludacris and Ja Rule, have increasingly depicted women as objects of violence or male domination by communicating that â€Å"submission is a desirable trait in a woman† (Stankiewicz

Selection of skin Based Region... free essay sample

Selection of skin Based Region-of-Interest (ROI) Using Clustering AbstractRegion of Interest (ROI) is defined as regions containing user defined objects of interest. ROI extraction is a vital phase for various image processing applications. Extracting ROI from images has been very much challenging as it is the base for further image analysis, interpretation and classification. ROI varies for different purpose of aim. However, the identified region are widely used for various domain-skin detection, image background removal, detect object in image, hand gesture detection and so on. In this thesis, the main concentration is to defining region of interest from an image based on skin detection. To define region of interest of skin, clustering method was used. Skin detection can be used as a preprocessing step for several applications included but not limited to various Human Computer Interaction (HCI) tasks. However, skin detection is a challenging problem due to sparse variations of skin tone of human. We will write a custom essay sample on Selection of skin Based Region or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Skin tone can be confused with background color, attire color, ethnicity, individual characteristics-age, sex, body parts, makeup, hair color, presence of non-human objects and camera calibration. Besides that, lightning conditions also plays a vital role. For these reasons, sometimes skin pixel values are very similar with non-skin pixels, make it hard to discriminate skin only pixels. Researchers have been working tirelessly for an efficient skin detection method but those are not beyond limitations. Various approach including pixel wise threshold for various color spaces, segmentation, face and hand detection based approaches are proposed. But it still lacks from a method which can be applied for all types of skin detection. In this thesis, a novel skin detection method is proposed which has the following characteristics:†¢ It is free from any manual threshold values. Which makes it better choice for dealing uncertain conditions†¢ The method is based on clustering, since skin pixels of a human are uniform in nature†¢ Proposed approach automatically define number of clusters that is a bottleneck for unsupervised learning Chapter 01IntroductionSkin detection is perhaps the most widely used primitive in human image processing research. Skin detection mostly used as a primary step in various human concerned image processing applications. Skin detection is method of discriminating human skin pixel from non-skin pixels in an image or video [1]. It is one of the prominent research area in human computer interaction, face detection, face tracking [2, 3], gesture recognition [4], computational health informatics, web content filtering and many more. Skin detection is used as a cue for detecting people in real life images. The main challenge is to make skin detection robust to the large variations in appearance that can occur. However, there are various factors that make skin detection challenging. Among them variations in illumination, various ethnicity people with many skin tones, presence or absence of shadows in an image or videos, various background color and objects including wood, cloths and their similarity to skin, human hair with different variations and their resemblance to skin color, using makeup that changes the natural skin color and different camera characteristics make skin detection problem hard. Efficient handling of aforementioned challenges demands a model that is capable of differentiate skin and non-skin pixels. But until now that seems not to be achieved. In this thesis, a skin detection model is proposed which can overcome the challenges and perform better in real world skin detection problem. Researchers have been working tirelessly to find a technique which will be able to detect skin in spite of present challenges. However, Skin detection problem can be considered a binary classification problem, meaning, a pixel can be classified whether it is a skin pixel or not. There are mainly two types of skin detection, either pixel based or region based. In pixel based detection, a pixel is classified compared with its neighbor either as a skin pixel or not. Skin detection that is based on various color spaces are an example for this type of detection. In other hand, region based skin detection focus on spatially arrangement of skin pixel with additional information of intensity and texture. However, Vezhnevets et al. [5], Kakumanu et al. [6], and Phung et al. [7] has conducted surveys about skin color modeling and skin segmentation based on color information in different color spaces. Phung has discovered that skin detection accuracy does not depend on choice of color space or color quantization bin sizes. Besides for skin segmentation a few researchers have also used texture [8, 9, 10] or shape [11] information in combination with color-

Contemporary Demand Input Models

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Demand Input Models. Answer: Introduction: Adidas, famously known as the three stripes company, is a multinational company headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Germany. Adolf Dassler founded this company in July 1924 and named it Gebrder Dassler Schuhfabrik. In August 1949, the name was changed to Adidas. The company is a manufacturer of sports shoes, accessories and clothing. It is Europes biggest sportswear manufacturer and worlds second largest (Adidas-group.com. 2017). The Adidas Group is a parent company of Reebok, Rockport, TaylorMade-Adidas and golf company. 1996 onwards, Adidas has become one of the global leaders in the sportswear market, earning 14.88 billion in 2012 (Successstory.com. 2014). The company started with manufacturing of athletic shoes and after the success of the shoes, it expanded its business into manufacturing of other athletic products such as clothing, accessories, perfumes, watches etc. It captured the industry with comfort, durability, style, price and brand (Tolani et al. 2013). The topic of discussion of this essay is the demand and supply side factors of Adidas athletic shoes. The revenue from the footwear segment of Adidas is worth of $10.68 billion in 2016 and the employee base of the company is around 60,617 across the world in 2016 (www.statista.com 2016). Today Adidas sponsors shoes and other sportswear to biggest teams of various sports in the world. Demand for a commodity is the want or desire of the consumers to gain that commodity. Supply of a commodity refers to the accessibility of that commodity in the market in exchange for a price. Market equilibrium is the condition where the forces of demand and supply of a commodity are balanced and this value does not change if other factors remain unchanged (Varian 2014). The major factors of demand for a product are the price of that product, income level of the consumers, taste and preferences, and market competition. The factors for demand for Adidas sports shoe are described below (Petroff 2013). Price: this is the primary factor of demand for a commodity. Law of Demand states that demand is a function of price and there is an inverse relationship between the two. If price increases, the demand for that product falls and vice versa, other things remaining unchanged. Hence, if the price of Adidas shoes rise, the demand would fall and vice versa. Price of substitute products: the demand for a commodity is affected by the price of a substitute product. Substitute products are those, which can be replaced with one another. The close substitutes of Adidas shoes are the shoes of Nike, Puma, New Balance, Reebok. If the price of a Nike shoe rises, it would push up the demand for Adidas shoe, as Nike becomes relatively costlier than Adidas (Pataki and Sagi 2015). Income of the customers: Adidas shoes are normal commodities. Hence, an increase in the income level of the customers would lead to an increase in the demand for Adidas and vice versa. Tastes and preferences of customers: this factor directly affects the demand for a particular product. Adidas became a market leader in athletic products because it provided the comfort and style to the customers. Thus, a majority of the population wants to buy Adidas shoes even if it is high priced. Speculation of higher prices in future: if people speculate that the price of the Adidas shoe would increase in the near future, they tend to buy more now. This phenomenon occurs especially during the sales, when the company gives discount offers. The law of demand for Adidas shoes. As the price increased from P1 to P*, quantity demanded decreased from Q1 to Q*. Here, price is the determining factor of demand. The factors of supply for Adidas shoes are (Pataki and Sagi 2015): Price: this is the major factor of supply for any commodity. Law of supply states, that price and supply of a good are directly related. If price increases, the supply of that good also increases, and vice versa, other factors remaining unchanged. Thus, supply is a function of price. Hence, when the price of Adidas shoes rises, the company increases the volume of supply of the shoes. Cost of factors of production: as the price of any or all factors of production, that is, land, labor, entrepreneurship and capital, increases, the production cost rises too. Then the producers reduce the supply of the product to maintain profit. For example, if the wages of the workers rises, Adidas decreases the supply of the shoes temporarily. Change in technology: the innovation and implementation of new and smart technologies increase the cost efficiency of the products, and profit margin of the producers. Adidas has implemented many new technologies in the shoe designing. It not only increased the demand for the shoes, but decreased the production cost also. Hence, the supply has increased. Taxation policy: when the government imposes tax on the Adidas shoes, the price rises, as the company shifts the burden of the tax to the customers. Thus, higher tax leads to a fall in the profit margin, and fall in supply as well (Roscoe and Baker 2014). Speculation of price fall: the expectation a price rise in the future tempts the producers to supply more of the product. When there is a speculation of price rise of the shoes, Adidas would supply more shoes to increase profit. Depicts the law of supply for Adidas athletic shoes. When the price falls from P1 to P*, the supply also falls from Q1 to Q*. Here, price of the shoes is the determining factor of supply. Conclusion: Adidas is one of the global leaders in the market of athletic shoes and other sportswear. The German company has captured the athletic market of the Europe and majority of the rest of the world with its innovative design, style, brand value and comfort. This essay focuses on the factors of demand and supply for the Adidas sports shoes, which shows that price is the most important factor for demand and supply. References: Adidas-group.com., 2017. History. [online] Available at: https://www.adidas-group.com/en/group/history/. Pataki, E. and Sagi, A., 2015, September. Contemporary demand input models in the conditions of imperfect competition. InIntelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY), 2015 IEEE 13th International Symposium on(pp. 189-194). IEEE. Petroff, J., 2013. Demand and Supply. PEOI. org. Roscoe, S. and Baker, P., 2014. Supply chain segmentation in the sporting goods industry.International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications,17(2), pp.136-155. Successstory.com., 2014. Adidas Story. [online] Available at: https://successstory.com/companies/adidas-ag. Tolani, V., Puri, G., Quereshi, N., and Kaushal, S., 2013. Analysis on Footwear industry. Varian, H.R., 2014.Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. www.statista.com., 2016. Adidas Facts. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/topics/1257/adidas/.

Poverty On The Rise Essays (794 words) - , Term Papers

Poverty On The Rise There is a very wide range of income for individuals and families. This is why we have people that are very wealthy which are referred to as the upper class and there is the middle class that makes an average income, and the bottom of the income bracket lies the people in poverty. Poverty is a condition in which a person or family does not have the means to satisfy basic needs for food, clothing, shelter, and transportation. Your race does not matter, every race has people that are in poverty. But as it is statistically shown, different races have a different number of people in poverty. In 1996, the federal government established a minimum income level below which a person or family is declared in poverty. If a single person makes less than $7,995 then they are living in poverty, and a family has to exceed $16,036 or are also in poverty. From 1996 to 1997 the poverty rate has decreased by .4% In 1996, there was 36.5 million people at the poverty level and in 1997 the number of people in poverty decreased to 35.6 million people. Since a decade ago the poverty level has increased from 32.4 million people to as high as 39.3 million in 1993, but since 1993 the number of people living in poverty has decreased to 35.6 million people. The percent of the population a decade ago below the poverty was 13.1%, which has increases up to 15.1% but here recently the poverty rate is back down to 13.3% Gentry-2 Since the previous year the poverty rate was lower by .4% for the general population. The poverty rate of children under the age of eighteen has also decreased by .6%. The black poverty rate decreased the most from 28.4% to 26.5%. The Asians and Pacific Islanders had a decrease in their poverty rate by .5%. The whites had the smallest decrease out of all races because they decreased only by .2%. There are many different factors that contribute to the decreasing of the poverty rates, from the decrease of the unemployment to the decrease in government income maintenance programs. A lot of the poverty population is made up of income-maintenance programs. I would like to talk about few of the programs that the government offers for people in poverty. Social insurance programs is the first. There are many different types to the social insurance program. The first two are OASDHI and Medicare. OASDHI is also known as social security, which replaces wages lost after retirement. Medicare provides hospital insurance for the elderly and disabled. The third type is unemployment compensation which allows workers that are unemployed for a while to collect thirty-five percent of their lost wages. The second program is Pubic Assistance. The first type is Supplemental Security Income(SSI) this program allows disabled people to receive a minimum income. Aid to Families with Dependent Children(AFDC) and Medicaid usually are linked together. Medicaid will pay for hospital bills. AFDC provides certain families with children financial support. Medicaid is also offered to SSI recipiances. The food stamp program is the last type. It provides Americans with coupons that can be used for food. The government spends about 736 billion of its dollars on these different types of programs. Gentry-3 The government provides people in poverty that are in the public assistance programs with three different plans. They are supposed to help able-bodied, nonretired individuals get out of poverty. The three different plans have many different conflicts. Some of the conflicts are that the government is paying too much money out to the people, which means they will be dependent on the government for their income instead of working for it. Another conflict is that it is very costly to the government to keep paying for able-bodied workers. These conflicts are what stir up many different welfare reforms. All fifty states have income-maintenance programs, but the qualifications and rule vary from state to state. In each state, they calculate their poverty rates. The number of states that had an increase in poverty rate, in 1995 to 1997 was twenty-two states. The other twenty-eight states had a decrease in poverty rate. From 1996 to 1997 there were three states: Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina that had a poverty decrease while two states Arkansas and New Hampshire showed increases in their poverty rate. To answer the question, is poverty on the rise? The answer is no. Poverty for the time being is declining. There are

Literary Analysis of American Literature free essay sample

As Elinor Ostrom explains, To a great degree, his stories speak for those who are disenfranchised, cheated, abused, or ignored because of race or class. Hughess stories speak of the downtrodden African-Americans neglected and overlooked by a prejudiced society. The recurring theme of powerlessness is exemplified in his narration â€Å"Let America Be America again†, â€Å"Harlem† and â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†. Hughes uses rhyme to draw attention to the poetic element of his narration â€Å"Let America Be America Again†. Words such as â€Å"be† and â€Å"free†, â€Å"dreamed and â€Å"schemed†, â€Å"wreathe† and â€Å"breathe† etc. all demonstrate rhyming. The central theme is that the author feels left out of the American Dream. Hughes is writing a poem of someone who feels that America is a land that lives up to begin to add up to that. The tone is angry and resentful. In this poem he is not representing the point of view of one particular group. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis of American Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hughes conveys that there are many people who’ve come here with hopes and dreams and they’re being let down. He’s also saying that there is an economic disparity between people. In essence the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer, because there is no equal opportunity. That idea is something that is not real for many people because of their race, economic situation, and come up. The reader is immediately introduced to the fact that the author does not believe that America is all it can be due to the fact that the word again is used. He wants America to be â€Å"the dream it used to be. † But the powerful line is #5 which reads â€Å"America was never America. † This enhances what many people feel, that Americas ideals of equality, liberty, and land of the free don’t seem real. In a sense there is a positive tone because there is a hope that America can be a â€Å"great strong land of love,† O, let my land be a land where liberty Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath, But opportunity is real, and life is free, Equality is in the air we breathe. Liberty, which is another word for freedom is important in the dream America holds so preciously. The central message here is one of greed. Money is at the center of what America has become. Hughes feels that â€Å"power, gain† and owning property is the focus. It’s all about money. He says in line #32 to what America has become in his views. â€Å"Of owning everything for one’s own greed! † At the later stage of the poem, Hughes is coming back and saying sarcastically that he wouldn’t say there is freedom. He is speaking for the â€Å"millions† of people who have been struggling, hoping, working, flying flags, â€Å"who have nothing† except for dreams that are â€Å"almost dead. † â€Å"Harlem† by Langston Hughes is a poem that talks about what happens when we postpone our dreams. The poem is made up of a series of similes and it ends with a metaphor. The objective of the poem is to get us to think about what happens to a dream that is put off, postponed; what happens when we create our very own shelve of dreams? The â€Å"dream† refers to a goal in life, not the dreams we have while sleeping, but our deepest desires. There are many ways to understand this poem; it varies from person to person. Someone like me may see this poem as talking about just dreams in general. Others may see it as African-American’s dreams. Although the meter of Harlem varies, the poem has a rhythmic, lyrical quality achieved through alliteration, rhyme, repetition of certain words, and carefully placed stressed syllables. People need to think twice before deferring their dreams. Langston Hughes says it best in his poem Harlem asking the question. What happens to a dream deferred Langston Hughes describes the outcome of the question as an altogether bad idea, saying that deferring your dream is â€Å"fester like a sore† or â€Å"it stinks like rotten meat†. By using imagery, he wants the reader to know what it is like to defer a dream and how bad it is. The first image in the poem proposes that the dream dries up like a raisin. This simile likens the original dream to a grape, which is round, juicy, green and fresh. Once the dream has lain neglected for too long, it dries up. Where the raisin image invokes the senses of taste and sight, the simile of the sore conveys a sense of touch and bodily impact. By comparing the dream to a sore on the body, Hughes suggests that unfulfilled dreams become part of us, like scars. In Langston Hughes poem The Negro Speaks of Rivers, Hughes makes use of some interesting poetic techniques. This poem is written in free verse, at first glance, seems to be unstructured. Hughes repeats words and lines, but does not make use of repeated sounds. Finally, some of his word choices near the end of the poem help to bring the message of the poem across more strongly. These poetic techniques contribute greatly to the quality of the poem. The textual details of the poem invoke strong imagery related to veins, rivers, and the roots of trees and give the reader a sense of the timelessness of these objects. In the short first stanza, the speaker in the poem by Langston Hughes states that he has â€Å"known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins. † From this early point in the point in the poem, images of the canals of veins that run throughout the human body as well as similar images of rivers that wind around and are shaped like veins form our understanding that this poem is about more than blood or water, it is about roots and circuits. He has a very deep meaning about how people feel by debating that his soul is so much stubborn now at this point that no external source could change it. Hughes poems illustrate many of the problems that African Americans faced during the depression era, ranging from prejudice and discrete racism to a general air of hopelessness and despair. His poetry basically develops the idea of celebrating and idealizing the Negro life in America. He is not much like the other poets who just uses a single voice/entity, instead has a tendency to express the visualizations through a number of voices making it more realistic. His expression consists of renunciation and feelings of personal cruelty.